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Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) in Stoke-on-Trent

Practical geotechnics, field-tested.

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A contractor on a brownfield site off Shelton New Road hit a layer of fine silty clay at 2.5 metres, completely different from the weathered marl shown on the historical borehole logs. The structural engineer needed a full particle size distribution within 48 hours to recalculate bearing capacity. We see this regularly across Stoke-on-Trent, where the drift geology shifts from glacial till to alluvial silts over distances of less than 50 metres. A combined sieve and hydrometer analysis gives you the full curve, from coarse sand down to the clay fraction, so you are not guessing what lies beneath. It is the foundation of every classification and the starting point for any reliable geotechnical model in the Potteries.

A single hydrometer reading can change the classification from silty sand to clayey silt, and that changes the entire earthworks specification.

Our service areas

Methodology and scope

Stoke-on-Trent sits at an elevation of roughly 110 to 200 metres across its six towns, and the underlying geology varies from the Etruria Formation marls to Quaternary river terrace deposits along the Trent valley. About 260,000 people live here, and the city’s industrial legacy means many construction sites contain made ground with brick fragments, pottery shards, and colliery spoil. Grain size analysis sorts this out: the sieve stack separates the coarse fraction (gravel and sand), while the hydrometer settles out the silts and clays according to Stokes’ law. The result is a grading curve that tells you whether the material qualifies as a well-graded gravel, a silty sand, or a lean clay under BS 5930. For projects where the clay content governs drainage behaviour, we often pair this with Atterberg limits testing to pin down the plasticity characteristics.
Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) in Stoke-on-Trent
Technical reference — Stoke-on-Trent

Local geotechnical context

The hydrometer cylinder sits in a temperature-controlled water bath at our lab, and the technician logs readings at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60 minutes, then at 2, 4, and 24 hours. In Stoke-on-Trent, the biggest risk comes from misclassifying the fine fraction. A clay content underestimated by 5% can mean the difference between specifying a Type 1 sub-base or importing engineered fill at £12 per tonne across a 3000-square-metre platform. We run a parallel control sample with distilled water and a blank cylinder to correct for temperature and meniscus error. The 152H hydrometer is calibrated to BS 1377-2, and we check it monthly against a standard solution. If the dispersant fails to fully deflocculate the sample, the clay fraction reads low and the silt reads high. That mistake travels straight into the earthworks specification. We double-check every curve against the visual log from the trial pit or borehole to catch anomalies before the report leaves the lab.

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Reference standards

BS 5930:2015 + A1:2020 - Code of practice for ground investigations, BS EN ISO 17892-4:2016 - Determination of particle size distribution, BS 1377-2:1990 - Classification tests (hydrometer method)

Technical data

ParameterTypical value
Sieve range75 mm to 63 µm
Hydrometer range63 µm to sub-1 µm (clay fraction)
StandardBS 5930:2015 + A1:2020, BS EN ISO 17892-4
Dispersing agentSodium hexametaphosphate
Sample mass (dry)200 g for fine soils; up to 5 kg for coarse
Hydrometer typeASTM 152H, calibrated at 20°C
Reporting formatGrading curve, D10/D30/D60, Cu, Cc

Frequently asked questions

How much does a grain size analysis cost in Stoke-on-Trent?

For a combined sieve and hydrometer test, prices range from £70 to £150 per sample depending on the number of samples and whether you need a rush turnaround. A simple dry sieve-only analysis sits at the lower end, while full hydrometer sedimentation adds lab time and cost.

How long does it take to get results?

Standard turnaround is three working days from the day the sample arrives at our lab. The hydrometer stage alone takes a minimum of 24 hours because we need readings up to the 24-hour mark to capture the full settlement of the clay fraction. Express service is available if your site is on hold.

What sample size do you need for a hydrometer test?

We need about 200 grams of dry material passing the 2 mm sieve for the hydrometer portion. For the full combined analysis, send us at least 1 kg of representative disturbed soil in a sealed bag. If the material is wet, double that mass to allow for moisture loss during oven drying.

Can you test soils with pottery fragments and brick rubble?

Yes, and in Stoke-on-Trent that is more the rule than the exception. We oven-dry the sample, break down any weakly cemented clods with a rubber pestle, and remove obvious anthropogenic fragments by hand before sieving. The hydrometer test runs on the fines fraction that passes the 63 µm sieve, so coarse rubble does not interfere with the sedimentation analysis.

Location and service area

We serve projects in Stoke-on-Trent and surrounding areas. More info.

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